Bloodshot eyes, medically called scleral or cunjunctival injection, occur when the blood vessels on the surface of the eye dilate excessively or in a way that is unusual. Largely the condition is not on its own a problem, but is rather an indicator of a greater disorder or a result of some minor irritant. At worst, they may on their own cause some minor cosmetic concern. Treatments depend largely upon the cause of the condition, but may generally be performed without the aid of a medical professional.

The most common causes of scleral injection include:

* Fatigue.

* Eyestrain.

* Abrasion or irritation by foreign bodies.

* Infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva(conjunctivitis), cornea, or other region.

* Ocular laceration or presence of foreign bodies in tissue of eye.

Most commonly, bloodshot eyes are the result of fatigue and eyestrain, which require no real treatment and indicate no great disorder. Rest is always a plus. Topical antihistamines like Visene are good for treating bloodshot eyes, as they can reduce inflammation caused by whatever condition is present. Avoid at all costs unnecessary rubbing or scratching at the surface of the eye, as additional irritation will only worsen the condition and present the possibility for infection. Use eyedrops or a mild saline solution to soothe the eyes, if necessary, and do not allow contact with skin or hands, regardless of any itch.

Infection of the eye can be potentially very serious, but is usually the result of conjunctivitis, often called "pink eye". Conjunctivitis is a highly contagious and rather uncomfortable illness but is quite common and not terribly serious. Unless symptoms are exceedingly severe, conjunctivitis does not usually warrant a trip to the doctor or pediatrician, and can be controlled by preventing its spread--do not rub one eye and then touch the other and avoid contact with others when infected. Wash your hands regularly during the period of infection to prevent transmission. If conjunctivitis lasts more than a few days, or if the itching seems more serious than commonly associated with the disease, a doctor's help may be necessary, and they may prescribe an antibiotic eyedrop or other antibiotic medication. Viral conjunctivitis, however, which is quite common as well, will not be sated with drugs, and must be allowed to run its course. A warm compress can be a welcome relief to the infected eye.

Be sure, when considering the possible cause of redness, that the eye is clear of foreign objects and damage. Small spots of blood without apparent pain or laceration are usually normal, the result of fatigue or strain, and will fade within a day, disappearing within several. If you believe your eye may be seriously injured, consult a physician immediately--laceration to the white of the eye can occur without great ordeal, but damage to any of its sight organs can cause permanent damage. If obstacles are found, flush the eye with water or a saline solution appropriate to the eye's salinity (eyedrops will work). If removal is unsuccessful, consult a physician immediately.